Advanced Pathophysiology
Q1. What is the primary mechanism by which high oxygen concentrations can lead to cellular injury?
A.
Generation of free radicals
B.
Decreased carbon dioxide elimination
C.
Direct oxygen binding to cellular enzymes
D.
Disruption of the cell membrane's lipid bilayer
Q2. What is a potential outcome when the plasma membrane of a cell is damaged?
A.
Compromised cell integrity
B.
Enhanced ATP generation
C.
Increased protein synthesis
D.
Increased genetic stability
Q3. Which of the following pairs correctly matches a cellular function with the anatomical part responsible for it?
A.
Communication: Plasma membrane
B.
Energy: Lysosomes, proteasomes, peroxisomes
C.
Motility and structure: Rough and smooth
endoplasmic reticula, Golgi apparatus
D.
Interface with the outside world: Cytoskeleton
Q4. All of the following are the cellular components that are susceptible to cell injury EXCEPT:
A.
Membrane integrity
B.
ATP generation
C.
Glycogen synthesis
D.
Protein synthetic capacity
Q5.An older adult patient with a long history of cigarette smoking presents with a persistent cough and hemoptysis. Imaging studies reveal a lung mass suspicious for malignancy. Biopsy results confirm the presence of lung cancer. Which of the following cellular processes is a key feature in the development and progression of malignancy in this patient?
A.
Cellular hyperplasia
B.
Cellular hypertrophy
C.
Genetic mutations and DNA damage
D.
Cellular atrophy